Revisiting Authenticity: Restoration and Conservation of the Qin First Emperor's Terracotta Army

Revisiting the definition and value of authenticity plays an important role in understanding the practices of Chinese heritage conservation from both global and local perspectives. This paper focuses on the case study of the terracotta statues produced for the First Emperor of Qin's afterlife, and emphasises the material-based practical processes of restoration, conservation, maintenance, and further interpretation given in presentations to the public. It aims to address how to manage the past for the present, both in archaeological and social contexts within China, and globally, with consideration of the material attributes and durability of ancient objects and remains, particularly the material differences between the East and the West (e.g. stone vs wood, or stone vs clay). As an integral consideration of cultural heritage management, authenticity is a crucial guideline underlying the inter-material principles governing conservation practices for the present and future.

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